Scanning electron microscopic observation of the external morphology of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages. Methods The cultured D. farinae was isolated, and the external morphological features of mites at various developmental stages were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including egg, larva, nymph and adult stages. Results The D. farinae egg appeared a long oval shape, and the larval mites had three pairs of legs. The nymph had four pairs of legs and underdeveloped genital pores containing genital setae and anal setae, and adult mites appeared long and oval in shape, with decorative patterns on epidermis, and had four pairs of legs. In male adult mites, remarkable thickening of the leg I and thicker and longer leg III than the leg IV were seen, and ventral genital regions were found between the basal segments of legs III and IV; the anus was surrounded by a circular peri-anal ring, with a pair of anal suckers and anal setae within the ring. In the female adult mites, slender legs III and IV with an equal length were seen, and a “λ-shape” genital hole was observed on the ventral surface, with a crescent-like genital plate in the anterior part, and the anus appeared a longitudinal slit. Conclusions An SEM observation of the external morphology of D. farinae provides understandings of the morphological characteristics of D. farinae, which is of great significance for the classification and identification.

Investigation on the infestation and environment tolerance of Ornithonyssus bacoti in stored traditional Chinese herb Semen Coicis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the infestation status and environment tolerance of ornithonyssus bacoti (O. bacoti) in stored traditional Chinese herb Semen Coicis (Coix seed). Methods 800 g of stored Semen Coicis was initially taken, and subjected to passing a 40-mesh sampling sieve. Then 80 g of Coix seed particles was sampled to directly isolate the mites that were made into slide specimen in conventional technique, and identified as the procedures described in previous literature. Results A total of 449 mites were isolated from the 80 g stored Semen Coicis particles, and were identified as O. bacoti. Conclusions O.bacoti was first detected in the stored traditional Chinese medicinal Semen Coicis with which infestation is serious. This status should call out attention to prevent the disease associated with transmission of pathogens from O.bacoti.

Scanning electron microscopic observation on morphology of Carpoglyphus lactis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of live Carpoglyphus lactis at different stages of life cycle and its ultrastructure. Methods The live C. lactis specimens were isolated from longan pulp, and firstly rinsed with double distilled water under a light microscope to make slide preparation by the conventional manner, and then were made into scanning electron microscope (SEM) specimens. The specimens were observed under SEM for the ultrastructure characteristics at different developmental stages including egg, larva, nymph and adult (male and female) . Results The SEM photographs showed that the egg was oval and milky. The larva had three pairs of legs, without genital setae, preanal seta and coxal rod, and there was no trace of genital growth. The nymph had four pairs of legs, genital seta and preanal seta, whereas the genital area was looked still under-developed. The male adult had a conical gnathosoma and a pair of external verticals which were longest setae at the dorsal idiosoma, whereas the other dorsal setae were all short rhabdoid. At the ventral idiosoma, there was an aedoeagus which was like a bent cube, and the top was straight forward. The external sacral setae and post anal were longest setae. The female adult’s genital plates were a composite of plastron and cutex inner root, covering the genital tract, and a hole of anus and a pair of anal setae were located at posterior of idiosoma. Conclusion The morphological characteristics and ultra-structure of C. lactis at different stages of life cycle can be vividly observed under SEM, which provides the morphological bases for further study of the relation between parasitism and disease.

Preliminary investigation of Blomia tropicalis breeding status in ground dust rice in Haikou City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the Blomia tropicalis breeding status in the ground dust rice collected in Haikou City. Methods Totally 17 samples of ground dust rice were collected from 10 sampling sites in Haikou City. Then 10 g of dust rice was taken from each individual sample for isolation of the mites that were made of slide specimen, and the mites were identified and classified under a microscope. Results B. tropicalis mites were found in all the 17 samples with the detection rate of 100%. A total of 1 176 heads of B. tropicalis were isolated, with an average breeding density of 6.91 heads/g. Conclusion B. tropicalis breeding status is severe in Haikou City. The effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the harm associated with B. tropicalis contamination.

Scanning electron microscopical observation on external morphology of Aleuroglyphus ovatus at different developmental stages / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To observe the morphological changes of the live Aleuroglyphus ovatus and the ultrastructure under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different developmental stages. Methods The mites were cleaned with distilled water, then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and washed again by alcohol. At last the mites were dried by critical-point drying. The disposed mites were settled on the conductive double sided tape and scaned under SEM. Results The larvae had three pairs of legs and the genital area was under-developed. The male was similar with the female. There was a Grandjean’s organ in the front of basipodite of foot Ⅰ. Foot Ⅳ existed a tarsus sucker. Penis was like straight tube and the end of it was fork. There is a pair of suckers on both sides of anus. Three pairs of postanal seta almost aligned in the same line. The female adult mite slightly larger and had two pairs of postanal setae. Conclusion The description of the morphology and ultrastructure of A. ovatus mites provide important information for the taxonomy and further study of its life history.

Acaroid mite breeding in ground rice in Wenchang area / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the breeding of acaroid mites in the stored grains in Wenchang area,Hainan Province,China.Methods The breeding mites from the samples were separated by a shake-sieve and microscope directly.The isolations were used for slide preparation based on previous literature,and then under a light microscope,the identification and counting of the acaroid mites were performed.Results Twelve species of mites were identified from 20 categories of grains.They be-longed to 10 genera of 4 families.Among the 12 grain samples,the breeding rates were higher of Blomia tropicalis and Tyropha-gus putrescentiae.Among the 20 samples collected,a total of 5 885 mites were found,with an average breeding density of 29.43/g.Conclusion The infestation of acaroid mites appears serious in the stored grains in Wenchang area,which should be taken measures to prevent and control.

Study on community of acaroid mites breeding in home storages in Linquan Area,Anhui Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the species and diversity of acaroid mites community in home storages in Linquan ar-ea,Anhui Province.Methods The samples of 48 kinds of storages from the residents in Linquan County were collected,and the mites in them were separated in a microscope directly.Results Totally 19 species of acaroid mites belonging to 14 genera of 6 families were obtained from the 48 kinds of samples.The diversity analysis showed that the number of species,the species richness index and species diversity index of mites in the habitats were in the order of the other storages>drysaltery>grains.Conclusion The quantities of breeding acaroid mites in storages in Linquan area are much larger,meanwhile the species are also very rich,thus in order to reduce the harm of acaroid mites,we should take active measures to control their breeding.

Preliminary investigation of acaroid mites breeding in commercial food in Hsinchu City,Taiwan Province,China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the breeding of acaroid mites in the stored food in Taiwan Province,China.Methods The breeding mites from samples selected from the markets in Hsinchu City,Taiwan Province were separated under a micro-scope.The isolations were used for slide preparation,then observed and identified under a microscope.Results Among the 39 species samples,13 species of acaroid mites were isolated from the samples.They belonged to 11 genera of 6 families.They were Acarus siro,Tyrophagus putrescentiae,Tyrophagus longior,Aleuroglyphus ovatus,Caloglyphus berlesei,Suidasia nesbitti,Lar-doglyphus konoi,Lepidoglyphus destructor,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,Chortoglyphus arcuatus,Carpoglyphus lactis,Der-matophagoides farina and Gohieria fuscus.Conclusions There are acaroid mites breeding in the commercial food in Hsinchu City,Taiwan Province,China.Therefore,relevant measures should be taken to control the breeding of acaroid mites.

Investigation and morphological observation of Suidasia breeding in flour-mills in Huaibei / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the Suidasia breeding in the flourmill and further observe its morphological characteris-tics.Methods The samples were collected from different habitats of a flourmill and then separated,and the chipping was kept. The mites were selected and counted from the chipping under an optical microscope. The mites were made slide samples and identified.Results The mites were identified as Suidasia(including Suidasia nesbitti and Suidasia medanensis).A total of 20 samples were collected in this study,of which 13 were positively detected,with the detection rate of 65%.There were 2 876 mites of Suidasia that were detected from 200 g sample.The average breeding density was 14.38/g.Conclusions It is common that Suidasia breeding in flour,which might cause human acariasis and allergic asthma.Therefore,the effective prevention mea-sures should be taken.

A preliminary survey of acaroid mite breeding in farmer home storages / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the densities and species of acaroid mites in stored products in farmer home storages. Methods The mite samples which were collected from the farmers’home in Linquan County, Anhui Province included grains, foods, condiments, fruits and vegetables, and the breeding mites were isolated, then identified and classified after using the mites to make slide specimens. Results Twenty-one species of acaroid mites were obtained, belonging to 7 families and 15 genera. The highest breeding density was in the millet (3 888.89 mite/g) and the lowest was in the fennel (2.03 mite/g), and the frequent breeding species of storages were Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Lepidoglyphus destructor. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in grains was 383.94 mite/g, and the dominant mite species was T. longior. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in condiments was 149.53 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were L. destructor and Chortoglyphus arcuatus. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in foods was 85.15 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were T. putrescentiae, T. longior, T. palmarum, Glycyphagus domesticus and Dermatophagoides farina. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in fruits and vegetables was 49.15 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were Rhizoglyphus robini and T. palmarum. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in other stored products was 25.05 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were T. putrescentiae and L. destructor. Conclusion The species of acaroid mites in home storages are very rich, and it is necessary to take positive measures to reduce the infestation of acaroid mites.

Investigation of infestation of Carpoglyphus lactis in stored jujube from Anhui Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the breeding of Carpoglyphus lactis in stored jujube from Anhui Province, so as to provide the evidence for preventing the harm of C. lactis to stored jujube. Methods The jujube samples stored for more than 6 months were collected from dried fruit shops and/or Chinese herbal medicine warehouses, which were chosen as survey sites in Anhui Province. The mites were isolated and identified under a microscope. Results Totally 19 samples infested with C. lactis were obtained from 300 samples in 17 cities of Anhui Province, the breeding rate and breeding density of C. lactis were 6.33% and 6.52 per gram respectively. The constituent ratios of different developmental stages were adult 85.72%, larva 12.27%, dormancy body 0.56%, and egg 1.45%, respectively. Conclusion The breeding density of C. lactis in the stored jujube is high and the species diversity is rich, so the control of C. lactis and the prevention of human acariasis should be strengthened.

Investigation of infestation of Carpoglyphus lactis in stored jujube from Anhui Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the breeding of Carpoglyphus lactis in stored jujube from Anhui Province, so as to provide the evidence for preventing the harm of C. lactis to stored jujube. Methods The jujube samples stored for more than 6 months were collected from dried fruit shops and/or Chinese herbal medicine warehouses, which were chosen as survey sites in Anhui Province. The mites were isolated and identified under a microscope. Results Totally 19 samples infested with C. lactis were obtained from 300 samples in 17 cities of Anhui Province, the breeding rate and breeding density of C. lactis were 6.33% and 6.52 per gram respectively. The constituent ratios of different developmental stages were adult 85.72%, larva 12.27%, dormancy body 0.56%, and egg 1.45%, respectively. Conclusion The breeding density of C. lactis in the stored jujube is high and the species diversity is rich, so the control of C. lactis and the prevention of human acariasis should be strengthened.

Scanning electron microscopic observation on morphology of Carpoglyphus lactis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of live Carpoglyphus lactis at different stages of life cycle and its ultrastructure. Methods The live C. lactis specimens were isolated from longan pulp, and firstly rinsed with double distilled water under a light microscope to make slide preparation by the conventional manner, and then were made into scanning electron microscope (SEM) specimens. The specimens were observed under SEM for the ultrastructure characteristics at different developmental stages including egg, larva, nymph and adult (male and female) . Results The SEM photographs showed that the egg was oval and milky. The larva had three pairs of legs, without genital setae, preanal seta and coxal rod, and there was no trace of genital growth. The nymph had four pairs of legs, genital seta and preanal seta, whereas the genital area was looked still under-developed. The male adult had a conical gnathosoma and a pair of external verticals which were longest setae at the dorsal idiosoma, whereas the other dorsal setae were all short rhabdoid. At the ventral idiosoma, there was an aedoeagus which was like a bent cube, and the top was straight forward. The external sacral setae and post anal were longest setae. The female adult’s genital plates were a composite of plastron and cutex inner root, covering the genital tract, and a hole of anus and a pair of anal setae were located at posterior of idiosoma. Conclusion The morphological characteristics and ultra-structure of C. lactis at different stages of life cycle can be vividly observed under SEM, which provides the morphological bases for further study of the relation between parasitism and disease.

A preliminary survey of acaroid mite breeding in farmer home storages / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the densities and species of acaroid mites in stored products in farmer home storages. Methods The mite samples which were collected from the farmers’home in Linquan County, Anhui Province included grains, foods, condiments, fruits and vegetables, and the breeding mites were isolated, then identified and classified after using the mites to make slide specimens. Results Twenty-one species of acaroid mites were obtained, belonging to 7 families and 15 genera. The highest breeding density was in the millet (3 888.89 mite/g) and the lowest was in the fennel (2.03 mite/g), and the frequent breeding species of storages were Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Lepidoglyphus destructor. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in grains was 383.94 mite/g, and the dominant mite species was T. longior. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in condiments was 149.53 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were L. destructor and Chortoglyphus arcuatus. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in foods was 85.15 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were T. putrescentiae, T. longior, T. palmarum, Glycyphagus domesticus and Dermatophagoides farina. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in fruits and vegetables was 49.15 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were Rhizoglyphus robini and T. palmarum. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in other stored products was 25.05 mite/g, and the dominant mite species were T. putrescentiae and L. destructor. Conclusion The species of acaroid mites in home storages are very rich, and it is necessary to take positive measures to reduce the infestation of acaroid mites.

Applying multiple displacement amplification to DNA typing in the pathological section / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibility of applying multiple displacement amplification (MDA) to DNA typing in forensic pathological section.@*METHODS@#Ninety-eight pieces of pathological sections were prepared in terms of 3 factors as the period of preservation, tissue types and death ages, and randomized into groups by Latin square by double 7-order design. Silicon bead method was used to extract the DNA template. Compared with the PCR amplification performed directly by AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit in the control group, MDA was performed before amplification in the experimental group. Based on the samples from fresh autopsies as the standard genotypes, the number of detection and the detection rate were analyzed and compared between the experimental group and the control group.@*RESULTS@#Between the control group and the experimental group, there was significantly statistical difference regarding the rate of DNA typing in each period of the tissue sections preserved (P<0.01). The detection rate of the 16 loci in the experimental group was more than 95% when the period of the tissue sections were preserved within 360d. There was significant difference in different tissue types (P<0.01). But there was no significant difference in different death ages (P>0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#MDA is efficacious in DNA typing of forensic pathological sections, for it can improve the DNA template quantification through abating the inhibiting factor's concentration of PCR and reducing the rate of allele drop out (ADO). However, the period of the sections preserved and tissue types would affect the results of genotyping by MDA.

Experimental study on polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis against HBV in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the biological activity of polysaccharide of Cipangopaludina chinensis (PCC) against HBV in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HepG2 2. 2. 15 cells were taken as the in vitro experimental model. The cell toxicity was observed by MTT. PCC of different safe concentrations and positive control medicine 3TC were added into the cells. Cell control without medicine was set at the same time. Cultural supernatants were collected at 9 d. HBsAg and HBeAg in cultural supernatants were tested by ELISA. The content of HBV-DNA was detected by TaqMan probe fluorescence quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TC0 and TC50 of PCC in HepG2 2. 2. 15 cell culture were 1 g . L-1 and >10 g . L-1, respectively, suggesting low toxicity in cells. IC50 of PCC in HepG2 2. 2. 15 cells HBsAg and HBeAg were 0. 501, 0. 401 g. L-1, with SI being >19.96 and >24. 94, respectively. PCC could effectively inhibit the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg, and have a better effect on HBeAg than on HBsAg. PCC had a significant inhibitory effect on HBV-DNA in HepG2 2. 2. 15 cells at concentrations of 0. 1, 1 g . L-1 P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PCC has the effect against HBV activity in vitro to some extent, with low toxicity, thereby having a good prospect for application.</p>

Activity of lysozyme from Oncomelania hupensis and its role in inhibiting bacteria: a preliminary study / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the lysozyme activity in Oncomelania hupensis and observe its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth.Methods Soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis were initially homogenized and immersed in Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution for 24 hours then the supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 10 000 × g for 10 minutes.The supernatant was incubated in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 minutes and centrifuged again at 2000 × g for 10 minutes.The precipitate was put into ultrafiltration tube (relative retention molecular mass =3000) and centrifuged at 4 ℃,5 000 × g for 30 minute to obtain concentrated enzyme.The protein content,lysozyme activity and the antibacterial effect on Micrococcus lysodeikticus,Shigella dysenteriae,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were measured with bicinchonininc acid(BCA) method,turbidimetric method and agar diffusion (K-B) method,respectively.Results The antibacterial protein lysozyme was identified in gastropod protein concentration of the concentrated enzyme was 3.428 g/L.Average activity,total activity,and specific activity were (760 ± 120) × 103 U/L,(1520 ± 240) × 103 U/L and (221.70 ± 35.00)U/mg,respectively.The enzyme had produced exclusive inhibitory effects on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae.Average inhibitory diameters were 10-12 and 12-15 mm,respectively.No inhibition zone was observed in saline control,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Conclusions Lysozyme can be extracted from soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis with Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution,and the enzyme has inhibitory effect on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae but has no antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Sequence analysis on drug-resistant gene of rpoB in MDR-TB among pneumoconiosis patients complicated with tuberculosis in Huainan mining district / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of drug-resistant genetic mutation of rpoB in multiple drugs resistant bacillus tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among patients of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 114 clinical isolated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were collected, MDR-TB were identified by conventional antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). Their genomes DNA were extracted, the target genes were amplified by PCR, and the hot regions in the rpoB gene were analyzed by automated DNA sequenator.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results by AST showed that there were 31 strains of MDR-TB in the 114 clinical isolated strains, the rate of drug resistance was 27.19% (31/114). No mutation of rpoB was identified in 10 rifampicin-sensitive strains that randomly chosen, while conformation changes were found in MDR-TB strains, and the mutation rate of rpoB was 93.55% (29/31) in resistant strains, mainly concentrated in codon 531 (45.16%, 14/31) and 526 (29.03%, 9/31), happened base substitutions, including 27 unit point mutation and 2 two point mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The substitution of highly conserved amino acids encoded by rpoB gene results in the molecular mechanism responsible for RFP resistance in MDR-TB among patients of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. It also proves that rpoB gene is diversiform.</p>

Cloning, prokaryotic expression and antibacterial assay of Tenecin gene encoding an antibacterial peptide from Tenebrio molitor / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone tenecin gene, an antibacterial peptide gene, from Tenebrio molitor for its prokaryotic expression and explore the molecular mechanism for regulating the expression of antibacterial peptide in Tenebrio molitor larvae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antibacterial peptide was induced from the larvae of Tenebrio molitor by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli DH-5α (1×10(8)/ml). RT-PCR was performed 72 h after the injection to clone Tenecin gene followed by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The recombinant expression vector pET-28a(+)-Tenecin was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells and the expression of tenecin protein was observed after IPTG induction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tenecin expression was detected in transformed E.coli using SDS-PAGE after 1 mmol/L IPTG induction. Tenecin gene, which was about 255 bp in length, encoded Tenecin protein with a relative molecular mass of 9 kD. Incubation of E.coli with 80, 60, 40, and 20 µg/ml tenecin for 18 h resulted in a diameter of the inhibition zone of 25.1∓0.03, 20.7∓0.06, 17.2∓0.11 and 9.3∓0.04 mm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tenecin protein possesses strong antibacterial activity against E. coli DH-5α, which warrants further study of this protein for its potential as an antibacterial agent in clinical application.</p>

Adsorption of virus onto ionic surfactants of polypropylene fibers / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide better laboratory protection material in virology lab to prevent laboratory accident infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The four kinds of ionic polypropylene fibers were constructed and interact with recombinant adenovirus expressing GFP. Both the GFP expression and hexon gene expression of recombiant adenovirus were used to evaluate absorb ability of fibers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the amphoteric and iron ionic polypropylene fibers have certain adsorption or inactivated ability to virus in 5 min, the other two fibers decreased the growth within 20 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the amphoteric and iron ionic polypropylene fibers can be used as laboratory protection material in virology lab.</p>